Arjuna (Sanskrit: अर्जुन; Arjuna) is the name of a protagonist in wiracarita Mahabharata. He is known as the Pandavas are charming and gentle-looking budinya. He was the son of King Pandu dewanata, king of Hastinapura by Dewi Kunti or Dewi Pritchard, the daughter of King Surasena, Yadava Dynasty King in Mandura.
Arjuna was a close friend of Krishna, the Awatara (incarnation) of Vishnu Batara down to earth to save the world from evil. Arjuna is also the one who had witnessed the "universal form of Krishna" before the war Bharatayuddha happen. He also received teachings Bhagawadgita or "Song of the Gods", the holy sermon delivered by Krishna to him shortly before the war took place because Arjuna experienced Bhāratayuddha hesitation to fulfill its obligations as a knight on the battlefield.
MEANING OF NAME
In Sanskrit, it literally says Arjuna means "shining light", "white", "clean". Judging from its meaning, says Arjuna could mean "honesty in the face and mind".
Arjuna got the nickname "Kuruśreṣṭha" which means "descendant of Kuru dynasty of the best". He is human choices that have the opportunity to get a very precious sacred discourse of Krishna, who is famous as Bhagawadgita (chanting of the Gods).
He has ten names: Arjuna, Phālguna, Jishnu, Kirti, Shwetawāhana, Wibhatsu, Vijaya, Partha, Sawyashachi (also equated with Sabyasachi), and Dhananjaya. When he asked about ten names as proof of identity, he replied:
Ten is my name: Arjuna, Phālguna, Jishnu, Kirti, Shwetawāhana, Wibhatsu, Vijaya, Partha, Sawyashachi and Dhananjaya. I called Dhananjaya when I conquer all the kings at the time Yadnya Rajasuya and collect their treasures. I always fight to the end and I always win, that's why I called Wijaya. Agni horse given to me are white, that's why I called Shwetawāhana. my father Indra gave me a beautiful crown when I was with him, that's why I called Kriti. I never fought in combat cheating, that's why I called Wibhatsu. I never frighten my enemies with a vicious, I can use both hands when firing arrows anah, which is why I called Sawyashachī. Unique expression on my face like Arjuna tree, and my name was "never obsolete", which is why I called Arjuna. I was born on the slopes of the mountain Hima, in a place called Satsringa on the day when the star is above Phālgunī Uttara, which is why I called Phālguna. I called Jishnu because I became great when angry. My mother called Pritha, so I called Partha. I swear that I will destroy everyone that hurt my brother Yudhisthira and his blood sprinkled on the earth. I can not be conquered by anyone.
BIRTH
In the Mahabharata we are told that the King of Hastinapura named Pandu could not continue because it was condemned by a descendant of receipt. Kunti (his first wife) received a boon from sage Durvasa to be able to summon the Gods as they wish, and also can obtain the children of God. Pandu and Kunti then calls the use of the gift god Yama (Dharmaraja; Yamadipati), god Bayu (Marut), and the god Indra (Sakra) which then gave them three sons. Arjuna was the third son, born of Indra, the leader of the Gods.
NATURE AND PERSONALITY
Arjuna has a noble character, warrior spirit, his faith is strong, impervious to worldly temptations, brave, and always managed to snatch the glory that was given the nickname "Dananjaya". The enemy must be conquered like anything else, so he was also given the nickname "Parantapa", which means conquering an enemy. Among all the descendants of Kuru Kuru dynasty in the pedigree, he was nicknamed "Kurunandana", which means son of Kuru's favorite. He also has another name "Kuruprāwira", which means "the best knight Kuru Dynasty", while the literal meaning is "Kuru officer".
Among the Pandavas, Arjuna is a warrior ascetics the most steadfast. Hermitage very solemn. When he did so, unite and focus their thoughts to God, all worldly distractions and temptations could not shake the hearts and minds. Thus, Sri Krishna was amazed at him, because he is a friend who loved Krishna as well as a very sincere worshiper God. Sri Krishna once said to him, "Concentrate your mind on Me, to be devouth to me, and Commit yourself to me, then you will come to me. I said so, because you're my friend so I love"
Arjuna a warrior who likes to wander, meditate and sit under study. Besides being a disciple of Rishi Drona in temple Sukalima, he also became a student of the Hermitage Untarayana Padmanaba Resi. Arjuna had become Brahmins in Goa Mintaraga, titled Bagawan Ciptaning. He was made knight leading the gods to destroy King Niwatakawaca, giant king of the country Manimantaka. For his services was, Arjuna was crowned as king in heaven Lord Indra, King Karitin title. and got the gift of sacred heirlooms of the gods, among others: Gendewa (of God Indra), Arrow Ardadadali (from Bhatara Kuwera), Arrow Cundamanik (from Bhatara Narada).
Arjuna has a clever and intelligent nature, quiet, conscientious, polite, courageous and like to protect the weak. He led the Duchy Madukara, within the territory of Amarta. After the war Bhāratayuddha, Arjuna became king in the State Banakeling, former Jayadrata empire. End of history is told Arjuna, he moksa (dead perfect) with four other siblings in the Himalayas.
He is a fighter without equal on the battlefield, though slender, beautiful flawless as a virgin, be gentle though the steel-willed, a knight with a myriad of wife and girlfriend although able to perform the most severe asceticism, a warrior with a deep loyalty to family, but then was able to force himself to kill his half-brother. For the older generation of Java, he is the embodiment of man completely. Very different to Yudhisthira, he is enjoying life in the world. Love always riveting adventure of the Javanese, but strangely he was completely different from the Don Juan (the fictional character known as the man called ladies' man. He was almost the same as the playboy, but different. If playboy is the name of a man who likes to mutually sexual partners while Don juan is a ladies' man who is not necessarily where he likes to mutually exchange partner but the most prominent is he a conqueror!) are always chasing women. It is said that Arjuna was so smooth and handsome figure, so the daughter is so, well ladies, will soon offer them. It is they who have the honor, rather than Arjuna. He is very different from the Wrekudara. She displays elegance and tenderness of the body that is so cherished by generations of Javanese people.
THE YOUNG AND EDUCATION
Arjuna was educated along with the other brothers (the Pandavas and the Kauravas) by Bagawan Drona. Skill in the science of archery have appeared since early childhood. At a young age he already got the title of "Maharathi" or "leading knight". When Guru Drona put a wooden bird on a tree, he told his students one by one to shoot the bird, then he asked the students what they had seen. Many students who answered that they saw the tree, branches, twigs, and everything that is close to the bird, including the bird itself. When it was Arjuna's turn to shoot, Guru Drona asked him what he saw. Arjuna replied that he only saw the bird alone, not seeing other objects. It makes the teacher Drona Arjuna was amazed that smart.
One day, when Drona was bathing in the Ganges river, a crocodile come bite. Drona can free himself easily, but because he wanted to test the courage of his students, so he yelled for help. Among his students, only Arjuna who came to give help. With his arrow, he killed the crocodile that bit his teacher. Top devotion Arjuna, Drona gives an astra called "Brahmasirsa". Drona also taught to Arjuna on the dial and pull astra. According to the Mahabharata, Brahmasirsa can only be addressed to the gods, giants, evil demons, and supernatural beings who do evil, so that no harmful effects.
HERITAGE
Arjuna also has other sacred heirlooms, other Atara: Kris Kalanadah Kiai is given at the time Gatotkaca marry Dewi Pergiwa (Arjuna's son), Arrow Sangkali (from Rishi Drona), Candranila Arrow, Arrow Sirsha, Kiai Sarotama Arrow, Arrow Pasupati (from Batara teachers), Naracabala Arrow, Arrow Ardhadhedhali, Kris Kiai Varuna, Kris Pulanggeni given to Abhimanyu, trumpet Dewanata, Cupu Jayengkaton of oil (providing Bagawan Wilawuk of asceticism Pringcendani) and horses with the whip Kiai Ciptawilaha Pamuk. While the spell that held Arjuna, among others: Panglimunan, Tunggengmaya, Sepiangin, Mayabumi, loving and Asmaragama. Arjuna also have clothes that symbolize the greatness, the seam or fabric Limarsawo, Limarkatanggi belts, bun Minangkara, Necklace and Ring Mustika Candrakanta AMPAl (formerly owned by King Ekalaya, king of the country Paranggelung).
WIFE AND DESCENDANTS
In the Javanese puppet version of the Mahabharata, Arjuna had many wives, it's all a symbol of appreciation for his services or the tenacity to sit rigid as to many ascetics. Here's a small wife and children:
Goddess Subhadra, having son or princes Abhimanyu
Dewi Sulastri, having son or princes Sumitra;
Larasati goddess, having son or princes Bratalaras;
Goddess Ulupi or Palupi, having son or princes Bambang Irawan
Jimambang goddess, having son or princes Kumaladewa and Kumalasakti;
Goddess Ratri, having son or princes Bambang Wijanarka;
Dresanala goddess, having son or princes Wisanggeni;
Wilutama goddess, having son or princes Bambang Wilugangga;
Manuhara goddess, having son or princes Endang Pregiwa and Endang Pregiwati;
Supraba goddess, having son or princes Prabakusuma;
Antakawulan goddess, having son or princes Bambang Antakadewa;
Juwitaningrat goddess, having son or princes Bambang Sumbada;
Maheswara goddess;
Retno Kasimpar goddess;
Dyah Sarimaya goddess;
Heroine Goddess.
EPITHET
Version of the archipelago in the epic Mahabharata, Arjuna has many names and nicknames, among others: Parta (war hero), Janaka (having multiple wives), Pemadi (handsome), Dananjaya, Kumbaljali, Ciptaning Mintaraga (holy priest), Pandusiwi, Indratanaya ( Indra's son), Jahnawi (gesittrengginas), Palguna, Indrasuta, Danasmara (ladies' man) and Margana (helpful). "Begawan Mintaraga" is the name used by Arjuna while serving tapas in the top Indrakila behavior in order to obtain powerful weapons of the gods, to be used in the inevitable war against his enemies, the family of the Kauravas.
OTHER NAME
Under another name Arjuna is another name of Arjuna who often appears in the books of the Mahabharata or the Bhagavad Gita which is a part thereof, in the Sanskrit version. Other names under which it has a very deep meaning, contains praise, and to express a sense of kinship. (Names in bold and italics are ten names of Arjuna).
· Anagha (Anaga, the innocent)
· Bharata (Barata, a descendant of Bharata)
· Bhārataśreṣṭha (Barata-sresta, descendant of Bharata, the best)
· Bhāratasattama (Bharata-satama, descendant of Bharata primary)
· Bhārataśabhā (Barata-saba, a noble descendant of Bharata)
· Dhananjaya (wealth usurper)
· Gandīvi (Gandiwi, owner Gandiwa, dart guns)
· Gudakeśa (conqueror of sleep, a smooth-haired)
· Jishnu (great when angry)
· Kapidhwaja (who wear the banner bearing the monkey)
· Kaunteya / Kuntīputra (son of Kunti)
· Kirti (a beautiful crown)
· Kurunandana (favorite son Kuru dynasty)
· Kurupravīra (Kuru-Butler, an officer of Kuru, Kuru dynasty warriors the best)
· Kurusattama (Kuru-satama, a descendant of the Kuru dynasty primary)
· Kuruśṛṣṭha (Kuru-sresta, a descendant of Kuru dynasty, the best)
· Mahābāhu (Maha-shoulder, the mighty-armed)
· Pandavas (the Pandavas, sons of Pandu)
· Parantapa (conqueror of the enemy) *
· Partha (descendants of Partha or Dewi Kunti) *
· Phālguna (born at Uttara Phalguna star to appear) *
· Puruṣaṛṣabhā (Purusa-rsaba, best man)
· Sawyaśachī (Sawya-saci, capable of shooting with his right or left)
· Śwetawāhana (Sweta-rides, which has a white horse)
· Wibhatsu (a fight with honest)
· Wijaya (which always won every battle)
SACRED JOURNEY AND DEATH
Sacred journey undertaken by the Pandavas narrated in the book or Mahaprasthanikaparwa Prasthanikaparwa. In his sacred journey, the Pandavas were confronted by a huge fire, which is Agni. He asks Arjuna to Gandiwa weapons and their quiver that never runs out is returned to Varuna, because the task of Nara as Arjuna was over the age Dwaparayugatersebut. With a heavy heart, Arjuna cast magic weapon into the ocean, the residence of Varuna. After that, Agni vanished from before him and the Pandavas continued his journey.
When the Pandavas and his wife chose to climb the Himalayas as the ultimate goal of their journey, Arjuna killed on the way after the death of Nakula, Sahadeva and Draupadi.
ARJUNA IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO
In the archipelago, Arjuna is also known figure and has been known from time immemorial. Arjuna became popular especially in the areas of Java, Bali, Madura, and Lombok. In Java and Bali later on, Arjuna became a major figure in several kakawin, such as Kakawin Arjunawiwaha, Kakawin Pārthayajña, danKakawin Pārthāyana (also known as Kakawin Subhadrawiwāha. In addition Arjuna also found some relief in the temples on the island of Java, for example Surowono temple.
ARJUNA puppet IN JAVA
Arjuna also was a leading figure in the world of puppetry in New Javanese culture. The following are some characteristics that may differ from the typical version of Arjuna in Mahabharata India with the Sanskrit language.
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